Cyril Connolly complained that the book's obsession with money prevented it being considered a work of art. Peter Davison's Complete Orwell in 1998 finally reversed these changes which meant, for example, restoring the genuine 'New Hope for the Ruptured' instead of Orwell's substitution 'The Truth about Bad Legs'. Orwell therefore had to produce new, fictitious slogans which would take up exactly the same amount of space because of the inflexibility of lead typesetting - and complained that the book had been 'ruined'. He had numerous run-ins with his publishers, who insisted on changes to the book late in the process because of the fear that many of the real advertising slogans which it contained were too risky to print. The publication of Keep the Aspidistra Flying was not a particularly happy one for Orwell.

Christopher Hitchens' recent book Orwell's Victory offers an illuminating comparison of of the many parallels between Orwell's novel and Kingsley Amis' Lucky Jim, which did much to define postwar British fiction, although the two books are markedly different in tone and it is Orwell's comic essay 'Confessions of a Book Reviewer' which resembles the comic spirit of the Amis novel. In his later essay on Gissing, Orwell describes the quintessential flavour of Gissing's world - 'the grime, the stupidity, the ugliness, the sex-starvation, the furtive debauchery, the vulgarity, the bad manners, the censoriousness' - which sums up the world Orwell sought to capture and to criticise in Keep the Aspidistra Flying.Ĭomstock can also be seen as something of a predecessor of the Angry Young Men of the 1950s - though Comstock was, if anything, angrier still. It is the novel in which Orwell is most directly influenced by one of his heroes George Gissing, the late Victorian novelist whose New Grub Street remains the seminal description of literary failure. The novel is perhaps a better guide to Orwell's intellectual development than it is autobiographical.

But the facts of Orwell's own life were rather different - considerably more sociable and quickly becoming more successful - to Comstock's.

His journeys around England and beyond - chronicled in Down and Out in London and Paris - do often resemble Comstock's circumstances and attitude. Orwell was himself a struggling writer working part-time in a Hampstead bookshop. Taylor, in his recently published biography, writes that 'of all the fiction that Orwell produced in the 1930s, Keep the Aspidistra Flying is the one most closely associated with him as a writer'.

Orwell keep the aspidistra flying